Regenexx vs. Surgery
Studies show orthopedic surgery is overused and misused because it is often viewed as the last or only option. As innovators in musculoskeletal care, Regenexx has developed a different approach.
Regenexx Procedure vs. Total Knee Replacement: What the Data Shows
This independent economic analysis from UMC Utrecht’s THINC compares outcomes for patients who were treated using bone marrow concentrate vs. total knee replacement focusing on working age adults.
- ~$20k in cost savings over 5 years
- Comparable quality of life
- ~70% decrease in subsequent knee replacements
Download Knee OA Report
Procedural Success Rates
Regenexx maintains an active patient registry that tracks patients’ progress or side effects, post-procedure using Regenexx injectates. Our outcomes database contains records on tens of thousands of procedures performed by physicians in the licensed Regenexx network.
Below, you can explore the outcomes database and see the number of currently tracked procedures as well as patient-reported results.
Select a body area to view outcome data:
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Procedures using Regenexx injectates have been studied extensively for the past 20 years and Regenexx provider patients are part of the world’s largest human mesenchymal stem cell re-implantation registry for orthopedic purposes.
Regenexx has published roughly half of all research worldwide on the use of bone marrow concentrate, which contains stem cells, for the treatment of orthopedic injuries and owns 24 patents for devices and biologic treatments.
- Establishing metrics of clinically meaningful change for treating knee osteoarthritis with a combination of autologous orthobiologics
Nature, 2025 - Intradiscal Injections of Bone Marrow Concentrate or Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Cervical Discogenic Pain: A Case Series
Cureus, 2025 - Percutaneous autologous bone marrow concentrate for knee osteoarthritis: patient-reported outcomes and progenitor cell content
International Orthopaedics, 2022 - Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on Regenerative Medicine Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Consensus Report from a Multispecialty Working Group
Dovepress, 2024 - The rate of venous thromboembolism after knee bone marrow concentrate procedures: should we anticoagulate?
International Orthopaedics, 2022 - Percutaneous bone marrow concentrate and platelet products versus exercise therapy for the treatment of rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled, crossover trial with 2-year follow-up
BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2024 - Image-Guided Injection of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears With Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate and Platelets: Midterm Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Biologic Orthopedic Journal, 2022 - Regenerative Injection Treatments Utilizing Platelet Products and Prolotherapy for Cervical Spine Pain: A Functional Spinal Unit Approach
Cureus, 2021 - Colony Forming Potential and Protein Composition of Commercial Umbilical Cord Allograft Products in Comparison With Autologous Orthobiologics
The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2021 - Use of Bone Marrow Concentrate to Treat Pain and Musculoskeletal Disorders: An Academic Delphi Investigation
Pain Physician, 2021 - The Treatment of Bone Marrow Lesions Associated with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: Comparing Intraosseous and Intraarticular Injections with Bone Marrow Concentrate and Platelet Products
Pain Physician, 2021 - Regarding “Intra-articular Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Injections Are No Different From Placebo in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”
The Journal of Arthroscopy and Related Surgery, 2021 - Bone Marrow Concentrate (BMC) Therapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders: Evidence-Based Policy Position Statement of American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP)
Pain Physician Journal, 2020 - Cryopreserved bone marrow aspirate concentrate as a cell source for the colony-forming unit fibroblast assay
Cytotherapy, 2020 - Past, Current and Future Interventional Orthobiologics Techniques and How They Relate to Regenerative Rehabilitation: A Clinical Commentary
The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2020 - A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears with Bone Marrow Concentrate and Platelet Products Compared to Exercise Therapy: A Midterm Analysis
Stem Cells International, 2020 - Quantitation of progenitor cell populations and growth factors after bone marrow aspirate concentration.
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2019 - Platelet lysates from aged donors promote human tenocyte proliferation and migration in a concentrationdependent manner
Bone & Joint Research, 2019 - Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate for Knee Osteoarthritis with and without Adipose Graft.
BioMed Research International, 2019 - A Case Series of Percutaneous Treatment of Non-Union Fractures with Autologous, Culture Expanded, Bone Marrow Derived, Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet Lysate
Journal of Bioengineering and Biomedical Science, 2011 - A specific protocol of autologous bone marrow concentrate and platelet products versus exercise therapy for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis; a randomized control trial with 2 year follow-up.
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2018 - Treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease-associated radicular pain with culture-expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells: a pilot study on safety and efficacy.
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2017 - Symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament tears treated with percutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow concentrate and platelet products: a non-controlled registry study.
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2018 - The use of lumbar epidural injection of platelet lysate for treatment of radicular pain.
Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics, 2017 - A New Atlanto-Occipital (C0-C1) Joint Injection Technique
Pain Medicine, 2017 - Interventional Orthopedics in Pain Medicine Practice
Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2016 - A multi-center analysis of adverse events among two thousand, three hundred and seventy two adult patients undergoing adult autologous stem cell therapy for orthopaedic conditions.
International Orthopaedics, 2016 - Intra-discal injection of autologous, hypoxic cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in five patients with chronic lower back pain: a long-term safety and feasibility study.
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2016 - Performing a Better Bone Marrow Aspiration.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2016 - A Dose Response Analysis of a Specific Bone Marrow Concentrate Treatment Protocol for Knee Osteoarthritis.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2015 - Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears treated with Percutaneous Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells: A Case Series.
Journal of Pain Research, 2015 - A Prospective Multi-site Registry Study of a Specific Protocol of Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate for the Treatment of Shoulder Rotator Cuff Tears and Osteoarthritis.
Journal of Pain Research, 2015 - Efficacy of autologous bone marrow concentrate for knee osteoarthritis with and without adipose graft
BioMed Research International, 2014 - Efficacy and Safety of Bone Marrow Concentrate for Osteoarthritis of the Hip; Treatment Registry Results for 196 Patients.
Stem Cell Research and Therapy, 2014 - Amide-Type Local Anesthetics and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Clinical Implications for Stem Cell Therapy.
Stem Cells Transl Med, 2014 - Clinical challenges and opportunities of mesenchymal stem cells in musculoskeletal medicine.
PM R, 2014 - Percutaneous injection of autologous, culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells into carpometacarpal hand joints: a case series with an untreated comparison group.
Wien Med Wochenschr, 2013 - Safety and Complications Reporting Update on the Re-implantation of Culture-Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells using Autologous Platelet Lysate Technique.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2011 - Osteoblastic differentiation of human and equine adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells when BMP-2 or BMP-7 homodimer genetic modification is compared to BMP-2/7 heterodimer genetic modification in the presence and absence of dexamethasone.
J Orthop Res, 2010 - Safety and complications reporting on the re-implantation of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells using autologous platelet lysate technique.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2010 - Increased knee cartilage volume in degenerative joint disease using percutaneously implanted, autologous mesenchymal stem cells.
Regenerative Sciences Inc, 2008 - Regeneration of meniscus cartilage in a knee treated with percutaneously implanted autologous mesenchymal stem cells.
Med Hypotheses, 2008 - Partial regeneration of the human hip via autologous bone marrow nucleated cell transfer: A case study.
Pain Physician, 2006
Research and Development Team
Over the last 20 years, the Regenexx research and development team has built a comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed published studies and clinical trials. They are a robust research team dedicated to advancing the field of interventional orthobiologics.
Matt Murphy, PhD, VP of R&D and Clinical Affairs
Dr. Murphy is an engineer and scientist by training, earning a PhD in biomedical engineering from Rice University with focus on biomaterials for orthopedic tissue engineering and drug delivery. His postdoctoral research was sponsored by DARPA and US DoD to create regenerative medicine solutions for battlefield injuries with intent to save limbs and limit infections. He previously served as Director of R&D and Product Development for Celling Biosciences and as an independent consultant in the autologous biologics sector. He has authored 25 peer-reviewed publications in the field with nearly 3000 citations of his work. His other professional stops include NASA, ICU Medical (formerly Pfizer), and Cardinal Health. He joined Regenexx full-time in 2023 to contribute to its legacy as a leader and pioneer in orthobiologics.
Ehren Dodson, Clinical Research Director
Originally from St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Dodson completed her Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Butler University. Dr. Dodson worked in the Sleep Medicine field for several years, both on the clinical side and conducting research before receiving her Doctorate from Saint Louis University in Experimental Psychology. Following a fellowship at Northwestern University, she taught psychology at St. Louis Community College before moving to Boulder, CO.
Deciding to return to her research interests, Dr. Dodson turned to the young and growing field of regenerative medicine and joined the Regenexx Research and Development team in 2016. As the Clinical Research Director, she is responsible for all of the clinical trials conducted in partnership with the Centeno-Schultz Clinic.
Dustin Berger, MS-Senior Research Scientist
Originally from St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Dodson completed her Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Butler University. Dr. Dodson worked in the Sleep Medicine field for several years, both on the clinical side and conducting research before receiving her Doctorate from Saint Louis University in Experimental Psychology. Following a fellowship at Northwestern University, she taught psychology at St. Louis Community College before moving to Boulder, CO.